Geographical Information System V/S Geographical Information Science

There has been healthy debate in the past decade or so about GI Systems versus GI Science (or as Wright et al (1997) called it: tool or science?). Today the debate is over and there is consensus about the value of both GI Systems and GI Science and a requirement to use both in tandem. GI Science allows us to consider the philosophical, epistemological and ontological contexts of geographic information and GI Systems provide the infrastructure, tools and methods for tackling real world problems within acceptable timeframes. It is possible to undertake GI science without GI Systems thinking and technology (for example using a pencil and paper, or a calculator), but it is very inefficient and unproductive. Similarly, using GI Systems without a clear understanding of the scientific context and key scientific methods will produce results which are suspect at best and may even be wholly inappropriate or even incorrect.

GI Systems can be used to turn data into information using the many tools and geoprocessing methods common to today’s systems. GI science provides the underlying principles and contextual understanding of when to use the tools, how they work and the way to interpret the resulting information. More importantly, GI science gives us a framework and a workflow for allowing us to turn information into evidence and then knowledge. By applying knowledge successfully over multiple years, we can build our wisdom about the world. GI scientists are interested in examining the fundamental principles that underlie GIS, that is to say the basic models, methods and generally held tenants of geography and geographic information. They are also interested in using GI Systems in scientific investigations to create new geographic knowledge.

Source: GIS development magazine Jan-2010

Emergency Number -- 112

All people are known about emergency numbers 100,101 and 102 for police, fire and ambulance respectively. These numbers are only for India, but 112 is the world wide emergency number accepted by many countries.

From GSM mobile system if you dial 112 then that call diverted to the assigned emergency center. In India call diverted to local police station, in North America the call is diverted to 911.

112 can dial from cellular phone even when keypad is locked. When I was at Hyderabad I tried 112 from my locked Nokia device, the call was diverted to police station.

If you are out of your country and you are in trouble just dial 112.

Note :- Do not trust on Indian 100 number. When thieves attacked on me and I called 100 from my cell phone, the ring goes to some house in nearby city Yawal.

First Google Maps Alphabet

Common Usage English words:

ad-hoc: For that purpose

alias: Otherwise

ante: Before

de facto: That exists, in fact

de jure: By right

etc: All the rest

ex ante: Forecast, based on expected results

i.e.: That is

per cent(per centum): In every hundred

vs: Against

via: By way of

vice versa: The position being reversed

viz(videlicent): By substitution, name by

First Lady in India

Salute of all these legendary personalities who made change in Indian history

President - Pratibhatai patil (2007)

Run for the post of President of India - Cap. Lakshmi Sahgal (2002)

Prime Minister - Indira Gandhi (1966)

Speaker of Lok sabha - Meira Kumar (2009)

Governor- Sarojini Naidu (1947)

Indian born woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress - Sarojini Naidu (1925)

IAS officer -Anna Rajam George(1950)

IPS officer - Dr. Kiran Bedi (1972)

Miss World - Reita Faria (1966)

Miss Universe - Sushmita Sen (1994)

Chief Minister - Suchetha Kripalani (1963)

Nobel Prize winner - Mother Teresa (1979)

Graduates - Chandramukhi Basu and Kadambini Ganguly (1883)

Doctor - Anandibai Joshi and Kadambini Ganguly (1886)

Drive a car - Suzanne RD Tata (1905)

Doctorate of Science - Asima Chatterjee (1944)

Commercial pilot - Prem Mathur (1951)

Judge of a Court - Anna Chandy (1937)

Chief Justice of a High Court - Leila Seth (1991)

Win a Gold in the Asian Games - Kamaljit Sandhu (1970)

Climb Mount Everest - Bachendri Pal (1984)

India-born woman to go into space - Kalpana Chawla (1997)

Cadet to join the Indian Army - Priya Jhingan (1992)

Pilot in the Indian Air Force - Harita Kaur Deol (1994)

Reach in the final of an Olympic event - P.T. Usha (1984)

Won an Olympic medal - Karnam Malleswari (2000)

Director of Indian Cinema - Fatima Begum (1926)

Reach at highest rank of Indian Army (Lieutenant General) - Punita Arora (2004)

Booker awards winner - Arundhati Roy (1997)

Static line jump on the North Pole - Shital Mahajan (2004)

Recipient of Dadasaheb Phalke Award - Devika Rani (1970)

Railway Engine driver - Surekha Yadav (1992)

Swim the English Channel - Arati Gupta (Saha) (1959)

Won a grand slam title at Australian Open - Sania Mirza (2009)

Test tube baby - Durga (Kanupriya Agarwal) (1978)

Minister in government - Rajkumari Amrit Kaur (1947)

Central Minister (in pre-independent India) - Vijayalakshmi Pandit (1937)

Ambassador - Vijayalakshmi Pandit (1947)

Won an Oscar award - Bhanu Athaiya (1982)

Chief Information Commissioner - Deepak Sandhu (2013)

Director General of Police - Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya (2004)

PhD holder in photography - Tulika Sahu (2015)

Proud to have a girl child......

Torrent Download is Legal????

Actually it depends on what you are downloading......

When I was at Penn State, USA. I used to download BitTorrent to download movies at my aprtment but one day I connected to Penn State WiFi network and my BitTorrent started to upload movie from that network. Security officers of Penn State send me an email about breaking law and took my interview regarding to that. So friends Torrent is not LEGAL!!! when you are downloading movie or softwares or music files.

But some companies want to share their information through Torrents then that torrents are LEGAL.

How many colors exist in the computer???

If you ask this ques then ans will be like 3 or 7 or infinite......

In computer there are 3 basic colors (R,G,B) which ranges from 0-255 i.e. for each color 256 color pattern exist. So

Total No. of colors = 256 * 256 * 256 = 16,777,216

As per the website http://www.cis.rit.edu/fairchild/WhyIsColor/Questions/4-4.html the color in viewing condition is infinite.

The Internet V/S internet

Really, The Internet is differ from internet???

Ans is Yes.

If you searched this topic on Internet, you will get various answers. Some says both are same, some says both are different.

I said both terms are differ from each other. Let me explain, when I was studying my MCA course, I read the book "Computer Networks - A. S. Tanenbaum". With reference of this book, I can say internet (small 'i') means the network of network, is also called internetwork. We can say internet is the collection of LANs, MANs and WANs. This means that, internet is the physically present, but The Internet (or simply Internet) is not hardware system. It is the collection of different networks that use certain common protocols and provide certain common services. We use internet to access The Internet. Alternatively we use the term World Wide Web (WWW or Web) in place of The Internet.