First Google Maps Alphabet

Common Usage English words:

ad-hoc: For that purpose

alias: Otherwise

ante: Before

de facto: That exists, in fact

de jure: By right

etc: All the rest

ex ante: Forecast, based on expected results

i.e.: That is

per cent(per centum): In every hundred

vs: Against

via: By way of

vice versa: The position being reversed

viz(videlicent): By substitution, name by

First Lady in India

Salute of all these legendary personalities who made change in Indian history

President - Pratibhatai patil (2007)

Run for the post of President of India - Cap. Lakshmi Sahgal (2002)

Prime Minister - Indira Gandhi (1966)

Speaker of Lok sabha - Meira Kumar (2009)

Governor- Sarojini Naidu (1947)

Indian born woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress - Sarojini Naidu (1925)

IAS officer -Anna Rajam George(1950)

IPS officer - Dr. Kiran Bedi (1972)

Miss World - Reita Faria (1966)

Miss Universe - Sushmita Sen (1994)

Chief Minister - Suchetha Kripalani (1963)

Nobel Prize winner - Mother Teresa (1979)

Graduates - Chandramukhi Basu and Kadambini Ganguly (1883)

Doctor - Anandibai Joshi and Kadambini Ganguly (1886)

Drive a car - Suzanne RD Tata (1905)

Doctorate of Science - Asima Chatterjee (1944)

Commercial pilot - Prem Mathur (1951)

Judge of a Court - Anna Chandy (1937)

Chief Justice of a High Court - Leila Seth (1991)

Win a Gold in the Asian Games - Kamaljit Sandhu (1970)

Climb Mount Everest - Bachendri Pal (1984)

India-born woman to go into space - Kalpana Chawla (1997)

Cadet to join the Indian Army - Priya Jhingan (1992)

Pilot in the Indian Air Force - Harita Kaur Deol (1994)

Reach in the final of an Olympic event - P.T. Usha (1984)

Won an Olympic medal - Karnam Malleswari (2000)

Director of Indian Cinema - Fatima Begum (1926)

Reach at highest rank of Indian Army (Lieutenant General) - Punita Arora (2004)

Booker awards winner - Arundhati Roy (1997)

Static line jump on the North Pole - Shital Mahajan (2004)

Recipient of Dadasaheb Phalke Award - Devika Rani (1970)

Railway Engine driver - Surekha Yadav (1992)

Swim the English Channel - Arati Gupta (Saha) (1959)

Won a grand slam title at Australian Open - Sania Mirza (2009)

Test tube baby - Durga (Kanupriya Agarwal) (1978)

Minister in government - Rajkumari Amrit Kaur (1947)

Central Minister (in pre-independent India) - Vijayalakshmi Pandit (1937)

Ambassador - Vijayalakshmi Pandit (1947)

Won an Oscar award - Bhanu Athaiya (1982)

Chief Information Commissioner - Deepak Sandhu (2013)

Director General of Police - Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya (2004)

PhD holder in photography - Tulika Sahu (2015)

Proud to have a girl child......

Torrent Download is Legal????

Actually it depends on what you are downloading......

When I was at Penn State, USA. I used to download BitTorrent to download movies at my aprtment but one day I connected to Penn State WiFi network and my BitTorrent started to upload movie from that network. Security officers of Penn State send me an email about breaking law and took my interview regarding to that. So friends Torrent is not LEGAL!!! when you are downloading movie or softwares or music files.

But some companies want to share their information through Torrents then that torrents are LEGAL.

How many colors exist in the computer???

If you ask this ques then ans will be like 3 or 7 or infinite......

In computer there are 3 basic colors (R,G,B) which ranges from 0-255 i.e. for each color 256 color pattern exist. So

Total No. of colors = 256 * 256 * 256 = 16,777,216

As per the website http://www.cis.rit.edu/fairchild/WhyIsColor/Questions/4-4.html the color in viewing condition is infinite.

The Internet V/S internet

Really, The Internet is differ from internet???

Ans is Yes.

If you searched this topic on Internet, you will get various answers. Some says both are same, some says both are different.

I said both terms are differ from each other. Let me explain, when I was studying my MCA course, I read the book "Computer Networks - A. S. Tanenbaum". With reference of this book, I can say internet (small 'i') means the network of network, is also called internetwork. We can say internet is the collection of LANs, MANs and WANs. This means that, internet is the physically present, but The Internet (or simply Internet) is not hardware system. It is the collection of different networks that use certain common protocols and provide certain common services. We use internet to access The Internet. Alternatively we use the term World Wide Web (WWW or Web) in place of The Internet.

Next Generation Addressing - IPv6

The current version of the Internet (known as version 4 or IPv4) uses a 32-bit IP addressing system, means Ipv4 can only produce address up to 2^32 i.e. in binary number system 32 times 1 i.e. 4,294,967,296. Even though we cannot use all these addresses because millions of addresses are reserved for private networks and multi cast addresses.

For example, the IP address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for the default network, the address 127.0.0.1 is used for loopback(localhost) address and the address 255.255.255.255 is used for broadcasts

If we compare this with our Postal system, this is similar to the postman can identify 4,294,967,296 correct home address but if more than these addresses are present then how postman can deliver a post??? So we need the postman who can identify more addresses than 4,294,967,296. This introduces out new addressing system call as Internet Protocol Version 6. IPv6 uses 128-bit addressing system, so IPv6 can produce 2^128 unique addresses i.e. 128 times 1

i.e. 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

The tremendous growth in mobile devices including cellular phones, notebooks, computers, and wireless handheld devices has created a need for additional blocks of IP addresses. The website http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm shows 1,596,270,108 Internet users in the world by March 2009.One day it will cross the mark of our limited IP addresses(i.e. 4,294,967,296).Before the IP will be exhausted we should ready with the solution i.e. IPv6.Some organizations are predicting that IP will be exhausted in 2012 or 2013.

The Internet Engineering Task Force adopted "IP Next Generation" (IPng) on July 25, 1994, with the formation of several IPng working groups. By 1996, a series of RFCs were released defining Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), starting with RFC 2460.

Incidentally, the IPng architects could not use version number 5 as a successor to IPv4, because it had been assigned to an experimental flow-oriented streaming protocol (Internet Stream Protocol), similar to IPv4, intended to support video and audio.

The following advantages are immediately obvious in the new scheme of things:

Þ Larger address space

Þ Support for mobile devices

Þ Simplified address auto-configuration

Þ Improved address management

Þ Built-in security with end-to end IP Sec

Þ Enables more levels of hierarchy for route aggregation

IPv6 addresses are normally written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, where each group is separated by a colon (:). For example,

2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

IPv6 also implements new features that simplify aspects of address assignment (stateless address auto configuration) and network renumbering (prefix and router announcements) when changing Internet connectivity providers. The IPv6 subnet size has been standardized by fixing the size of the host identifier portion of an address to 64 bits to facilitate an automatic mechanism for forming the host identifier from Link Layer media addressing information (MAC address).

The 2008 Summer Olympic Games were a notable event in terms of IPv6 deployment, being the first time a major world event has had a presence on the IPv6 Internet at http://ipv6.beijing2008.cn/en (IP addresses 2001:252:0:1::2008:6 and 2001:252:0:1::2008:8) and all network operations of the Games were conducted using IPv6.[29]It is believed that the Olympics provided the largest showcase of IPv6 technology since the inception of IPv6.

In 1997, IBM became the first commercial vendor to support IPv6 through its AIX 4.3 operating system. The latest version of Microsoft's Windows operating system, Windows Vista, has full IPv6 support enabled by default.

MS Word Page Number Rearrange Problem

While working with Microsoft Office Word 2003, I found a problem in page number system.

If you assemble a word document from various document with page number applied to them then it is very difficult to arrenge them in the new page number order.

e.g. If you take some pages from document1.doc with page numbers 1 to 10 also you take some pages from document2.doc with page number 35 to 40 and save in the new document let's say document3.doc . Now you want to arrenge the them from 1 to 16(10+6) then you are in big trouble.

I tried to delete page number and to give fresh number but I couldn't.I didn't any straight forward solution. I and my colleague(Rajesh) found a solution for that.You want to change page number 35 with page number 11 so go to page number 35 select the footer section now your page number gets highlighted then go to Insert -> Page Number -> Format then in Start at section change the number 35 to 10(not 11) then Ok -> Ok. Now you will see the magic that page number 35 converted to 11 and so on.

Try this and tell me are you suceeded or not???

If you know better solution for this then please share with me on my email - tushar.chaudhari.2k7@gmail.com

Gmail VS google mail

Do you know the difference between Gmail and Google mail?
Here is the explanation......

Both gmail.com and googlemail.com are the same domain name.The only difference is, if the user create account from the countries like England or Germany(means user uses IP of these countries) then they allocated as googlemail domain. Except that user allocated as gmail domain.

Once user gmail domain alloted then if user moved to England or Germany then he/she should not change the domain.

Invisible Web

Many untrained users have the naive expectation that they can locate anything on the world wide web by using Google or Yahoo or Ask.com. No, as powerful as these search engines are, they do not index everything on the world wide web. In fact, search engines index less than 10% of the entire web! That remaining 90% is called the "Invisible Web", or in other words, "The Cloaked Web" or "The Deep Web". This is the massive content that is publicly available, but hidden from regular search engines.

Indeed, this is a tough concept to grasp - that billions of web pages cannot be found by Google. But it's true, billions of pages are beyond the abilities of search engine cataloging. The robot "spiders" which scan and catalog the world wide web are limited... they cannot see nor index everything.

To better visualize this concept, let's start with some size estimates from Google.com, Yahoo.com, Cyberatlas, and MIT. These stats are current to Fall 2007:

Google.com indexes 12.5 billion public web pages.

71 billion static web pages are publicly-available. These pages can easily be found by Google and other search engines. (e.g. www.honda.com, www.australia.gov.au)

6.5 billion static pages are hidden from the public. As private intranet content, these are the corporate pages that are only open to employees of specific companies. (e.g. employees.honda.com, secure.australia.gov.au)

220+ billion database-driven pages are completely invisible to Google. These invisible pages are not the regular web pages you and I can make. Rather, these are dynamic database reports that exist only when called from large databases.

(e.g. custom online car quote for Shelly, Australian government discussion on aboriginal taxation)

Google, considered the best search database today, can only catalog a fraction of this monstrous content. Even with electronic spiders to catalog millions of web pages each week, Google current indexes only 12.5 billion out of the 220+ billion pages out there...less than 6% of all available internet content.

So if Google only catalogs 6% of the World Wide Web, and other search engines catalog even less, then where is the remaining 90%of web content hidden?

Large Numbers

People sometimes confused about the large numbers. Here is a table. The system used in the U.S. is not as logical as that used in other countries (like Great Britain, France, and Germany). In these other countries, a billion (bi meaning two) has twice as many zeros as a million, and a trillion (tri meaning three) has three times as many zeros as a million, etc. But the scientific community seems to use the American system.

No. of 0's U.S. & scientific Other countries Byte

community

3 thousand thousand KiloByte

6 million million MegaByte

9 billion 1000 million (1 milliard) GigaByte

12 trillion billion TeraByte

15 quadrillion 1000 billion PetaByte

18 quintillion trillion ExaByte

21 sextillion 1000 trillion ZettaByte

24 septillion quadrillion YottaByte

27 octillion 1000 quadrillion

30 nonillion quintillion

33 decillion 1000 quintillion

36 undecillion sextillion

39 duodecillion 1000 sextillion

42 tredecillion septillion

45 quattuordecillion 1000 septillion

48 quindecillion octillion

51 sexdecillion 1000 octillion

54 septendecillion nonillion

57 octodecillion 1000 nonillion

60 novemdecillion decillion

63 vigintillion 1000 decillion

Some other large but not famous numbers :-

1. Googol :-

Googol is the large number 10¹⁰⁰, that is, the digit 1 followed by one hundred zero (in decimal representation). The term was coined in 1920 by nine-year-old Milton Sirotta.Sometimes Googol is called as Google .

Googol is of no particular significance in mathematics, but is useful when comparing with other incredibly large quantities such as the number of subatomic particles in the visible universe or the number of possible chess games. Kasner created it to illustrate the difference between an unimaginably large number and infinity, and in this role it is sometimes used in teaching mathematics.

A googol can be written in conventional notation as follows:

1 googol

= 10¹⁰⁰

= 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

2. Googolplex:-

A googolplex is 1 followed by a googol of zeroes, or ten raised to the power of a googol:

10^googol = 10¹⁰¹⁰⁰.

USB 3.0

The Universal Serial Bus, or USB, a popular standard for transferring files to your PC or charging your iPhone, got its first major update in eight years.

USB 3.0 will be 10 times faster than the current USB 2.0 standard, and will increase the amount of electrical current that can be delivered through a USB cable.

Users need the increased speed -- 4.8 gigabits per second, to be precise. And as consumers carry around more devices, charging them off a PC using a USB cable will be much easier than carrying multiple chargers.

With the USB 3.0 specifications nailed down this year, the standard will bump up the power output to 900 milliamps from 100 milliamps, allowing more devices to be charged faster.

At first glance, the USB 3.0 connector looks just like the 2.0 design

Key Features :-

• USB 3.0 will be backwards-compatible with USB 2.0

• The maximum speed of USB 3.0 is 4.8Gbps

• Uploads and downloads are kept on separate data lanes

• USB 3.0 will charge more devices, quicker

• USB 3.0 will be more power efficient
  

The Mysterious Memristor

Anyone familiar with electronics knows the trinity of fundamental components: the resistor, the capacitor, and the inductor. In 1971, a University of California, Berkeley, engineer predicted that there should be a fourth element: a memory resistor, or memristor. But no one knew how to build one. Now, 37 years later, electronics have finally gotten small enough to reveal the secrets of that fourth element. The memristor, Hewlett-Packard researchers revealed today in the journal Nature, had been hiding in plain sight all along—within the electrical characteristics of certain nanoscale devices. They think the new element could pave the way for applications both near- and far-term, from nonvolatile RAM to realistic neural networks.

The discovery of the "memristor" or memory resistor will make it possible to develop computer systems that remember what's stored in memory when they are turned off. That means computers that don't need to be booted up and systems that are far more energy efficient than the current crop.

Researchers also hope the memristor can help develop a new kind of computer memory that can supplement or ultimately replace dynamic random access memory, or DRAM -- the type of memory used in personal computers.

Memristors are still primarily confined to the lab, so commercial products based on this kind of circuitry will not be available for at least five years.

The memristor's story starts nearly four decades ago with a flash of insight by IEEE Fellow and nonlinear-circuit-theory pioneer Leon Chua. Examining the relationships between charge and flux in resistors, capacitors, and inductors in a 1971 paper, Chua postulated the existence of a fourth element called the memory resistor. Such a device, he figured, would provide a similar relationship between magnetic flux and charge that a resistor gives between voltage and current. In practice, that would mean it acted like a resistor whose value could vary according to the current passing through it and which would remember that value even after the current disappeared.